Comfy의 핵심적인 수치 계산은 모두 파이토치에서 수행됩니다. 사용자 정의 노드를 통해
안정적인 확산의 내부로 들어가려면 이 라이브러리에 익숙해져야 하며, 이는 이번 소개의 범위를 훨씬
넘어서는 내용입니다.그러나 많은 사용자 정의 노드에서는 이미지, 잠재 변수 및 마스크를 조작해야 하며, 이들 각각은 내부적으로
torch.Tensor로 표현됩니다. 따라서
torch.Tensor의 문서를 즐겨찾기 해두시는 것이 좋습니다.
torch.Tensor는 텐서를 나타내며, 이는 벡터나 행렬을 임의의 차원으로 일반화한 수학적 개념입니다.
텐서의 _랭크_는 가진 차원의 개수를 의미하며(벡터는 랭크 1, 행렬은 랭크 2), _셰이프_는 각 차원의
크기를 설명합니다.예를 들어 RGB 이미지(H 높이, W 너비)는 각 색상 채널별로 H×W 크기의 배열 세 개로 생각할 수 있으며,
이를 셰이프[H,W,3]의 텐서로 표현할 수 있습니다. Comfy에서 이미지는 거의 항상 배치 형태로 제공됩니다(단일
이미지만 포함하는 배치도 포함). torch는 항상 배치 차원을 맨 앞에 두므로 Comfy 이미지는 셰이프[B,H,W,3]를 가지며, 일반적으로 [B,H,W,C]로 표기되며 여기서 C는 채널을 의미합니다.
torch.Tensor는 대부분의 파이썬 슬라이스 표기법, 반복문, 기타 일반적인 리스트와 유사한 연산을 지원합니다. 또한
텐서에는 .shape 속성이 있어 크기를 torch.Size로 반환하며, 이는 tuple의 하위 클래스이며 그대로
취급할 수 있습니다.다른 몇 가지 중요한 표기법도 자주 보게 될 것입니다(이 중 일부는 덜 일반적인 표준 파이썬 표기법이며,
텐서를 다룰 때 훨씬 더 자주 볼 수 있습니다).
torch.Tensor는 슬라이스 표기법에서 None을 사용해 크기가 1인 차원을
삽입하는 것을 지원합니다.
:는 텐서를 슬라이싱할 때 자주 사용되며, 이는 단순히 ‘전체 차원을 유지’한다는 의미입니다.
파이썬에서 a[start:end]를 사용하는 것과 같으나 시작점과 끝점을 생략한 것입니다.
...는 ‘미지정된 차원 전체’를 나타냅니다. 따라서 a[0, ...]는 차원의 개수에 관계없이 배치의 첫 번째
항목을 추출합니다.
모양을 전달해야 하는 메서드에서는 종종 차원들의 tuple로 전달되며,
여기서 단일 차원에 -1을 지정하면 해당 차원의 크기가 데이터 전체 크기에
기반해 계산됨을 나타냅니다.
>>> a = torch.Tensor((1,2))>>> a.shapetorch.Size([2])>>> a[:,None].shape torch.Size([2, 1])>>> a.reshape((1,-1)).shapetorch.Size([1, 2])
torch.Tensor에서의 많은 이항 연산(예: ’+’, ’-’, ’*’, ’/’, ’==‘)은 요소별로 적용됩니다(각 요소에 독립적으로 적용됨).
피연산자는 둘 다 같은 형태의 텐서이거나, 텐서와 스칼라여야 합니다. 예를 들면:
>>> import torch>>> a = torch.Tensor((1,2))>>> b = torch.Tensor((3,2))>>> a*btensor([3., 4.])>>> a/btensor([0.3333, 1.0000])>>> a==btensor([False, True])>>> a==1tensor([ True, False])>>> c = torch.Tensor((3,2,1)) >>> a==cTraceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>RuntimeError: The size of tensor a (2) must match the size of tensor b (3) at non-singleton dimension 0
파이썬 리스트의 참/거짓 값은 비어 있지 않은 리스트라면 True, None이나 []라면 False인 것에 익숙하실 겁니다.
반면에 torch.Tensor(하나 이상의 요소를 가진)는 정의된 참/거짓 값을 가지지 않습니다. 대신 .all()이나
.any()를 사용해 요소별 참/거짓 값을 결합해야 합니다:
>>> a = torch.Tensor((1,2))>>> print("yes" if a else "no")Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>RuntimeError: Boolean value of Tensor with more than one value is ambiguous>>> a.all()tensor(False)>>> a.any()tensor(True)
이는 또한 텐서 변수가 설정되었는지 확인하려면 if a:가 아니라 if a is not None:을 사용해야 한다는 것을 의미합니다.
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좋습니다.`]}),`\n`,_jsx(Heading,{level:`3`,id:`텐서란-무엇인가요`,children:`텐서란 무엇인가요?`}),`\n`,_jsxs(_components.p,{children:[_jsx(_components.code,{children:`torch.Tensor`}),`는 텐서를 나타내며, 이는 벡터나 행렬을 임의의 차원으로 일반화한 수학적 개념입니다.\n텐서의 _랭크_는 가진 차원의 개수를 의미하며(벡터는 `,_jsx(_components.em,{children:`랭크`}),` 1, 행렬은 `,_jsx(_components.em,{children:`랭크`}),` 2), _셰이프_는 각 차원의\n크기를 설명합니다.`]}),`\n`,_jsxs(_components.p,{children:[`예를 들어 RGB 이미지(H 높이, W 너비)는 각 색상 채널별로 H×W 크기의 배열 세 개로 생각할 수 있으며,\n이를 `,_jsx(_components.em,{children:`셰이프`}),` `,_jsx(_components.code,{children:`[H,W,3]`}),`의 텐서로 표현할 수 있습니다. 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